Interview:Maurilio Biagi Filho
Maurilio Biagi Filho has been in contact with the agribusiness reality early on. During childhood, he studied in a rural school in the farm where he lived in and, even before graduating in business administration, he began working in the family company, Santa Elisa mill. There, he improved his management knowledge on the sugar cane industry by going through virtually all company’s sectors, to finally hold the Chairman position after his father’s death in 1978. He led the family conglomerate until 2002 and left the company in order to continue his successful business career. He played a major role as a Top Executive at companies such as Refrescos Ipiranga (Coca-Cola), Renk Zanini, Usina MB, Sermatec and CEVASA, and today accumulates duties as President of the Board for ‘Moema Açúcar e Álcool’ Group, Advisor of Frutal Mill and COC Education System, CELEX and as Chairman of the Maubisa Group, Director of Ouroeste plant and Chairman of Brazilian Rural Society Committee of Agroenergy and Biofuels.
Maurilio Biagi Filho also collaborates with Entities such as the Economic and Social Development Council of the Presidency of the Republic (CDES), the ABDIB (Brazilian Association of Infrastructure and Basic Industries), AMCHAM (American Chamber of Commerce), UNICA (Sugar Cane Industry Union) and COSEMA-FIESP (High Council for the Environment). In this interview to AltEnergy, Maurílio Biagi Filho uses his entire experience to analyze and talk about some present and future fundamental issues regarding biofuels.
Altenergy: Following the Pro-Ethanol program, is this really “a second chance” for the sugar cane industry? How to exploit it in the best way?
M.B. I I begin answering the question by proposing a change in terms, because our industry is responsible for more than just sugar and ethanol. Today we are the largest producers of clean and renewable power, in several ways.
Another term that needs review is Pro-ethanol. There are many reasons to leave this program in the past: 1) it had a connotation of having a series of subsidies, although it is not entirely true; 2) Despite of being idealized by businessmen, it was totally “sponsored” by the government, and otherwise it would not exist and 3) the shortage stigma which traumatized the Brazilian consumers.
These two terms need modernization to cover the magnitude of the current moment, as we are currently major producers of energy and have strategic responsibility in the production of these supplies. We are not protected and regulated by the government anymore; in fact, we are partners, so that Brazil will be continue to be the largest producer in the cost-effective, clean and renewable energy.
If this concept is not completely assimilated by us, the producers, the energy sector as a whole could lose competitiveness, or lack in achieving its “adulthood”.
Altenergy: According to you, why has the world taken so long to turn to alternative and renewable fuel sources?
M.B. I We are the “oil-generation.” We learnt to live with oil and coal in our routine, and it seemed too far away the day when this reality would change.
Long before the world understood this sad reality, Brazil began its production of clean and renewable fuels. At that time, the other countries had proved skeptical towards our choice, and we ourselves didn’t have a full comprehension of what we were developing. Thanks to the few who believed - and truly believed – now we are leading the industry of renewable energy.
Even today, despite the great debate worldwide, there is still little knowledge about this subject around the world. As we are the oil generation we could not imagine a vehicle fueled by another type of energy. Brazil changed this mentality.
Altenergy: Do you think ethanol pass by a “bubble” such as some segments already gone through (internet, real estate, etc.), or this phase is here to stay?
M.B. I With no doubt, ethanol is not a momentary fashion. Every aspect of it to date is very consistent, result of years of technological investment. I can say, fearless of making mistakes, that the ethanol is an alternative or an additive, and is here to stay.
Altenergy: We can say that Brazil will be the “Saudi Arabia” of ethanol? Or is it just an exaggeration by the international media?
M.B. I Yes, it is an exaggeration, not only by the international media but also by the domestic. This is not an issue, since we have no intention in this respect. What we really want, and we have been working hard to do this, is to maintain our position as the most important producer country of clean and renewable energy in the world.
Altenergy: Ethanol has already won the first round, which was the internal market (flex-fuel cars). The second – large scale exports - is considered the most critical and a great challenge. How do you see our infrastructure for ethanol export?
M.B. I I understand that there is always a mistaken concept on the role of ethanol. The main objective of the Brazilian ethanol is the internal market as we are, and always will be, proportionally, the largest consumer in the world. Brazil is the only place where cars can run on 100% ethanol fueled. Despite the flex technology, for other countries, the ethanol will always be an additive to gasoline, in a greater or lesser proportion.
In terms of infrastructure, we have not reached the necessary, which means that from now on we can only improve. And, in fact, we already see the first moves towards infrastructure improvements both in general and in ethanol terms. As I said, our main focus is the domestic market, but we still have a lot to grow in Brazil, as 30% of flex-fuel cars run on ethanol-gasoline mix. Today, Brazil has 5 million flex vehicles and intend to double that number in 2010/11 and to triple it in 2014/15. In some years there will be more than 15 million flex vehicles. These data show that ethanol production for the next few years will grow to supply this demand.
Therefore, in the short term, the international market will continue to be served as it is today: sale of the surplus not consumed in Brazil, without long-term contracts.
However, the second phase, the international market, will happen when we have a production exclusively destined for exports. When this happens, we will sign the contracts with the countries and undertake the responsibility to supply a specific quantity. And of course, Brazil will continue fighting and struggling to make ethanol a commodity, a critical factor for the international market.
Altenergy: The sugar cane industry boom has not been justified yet regarding the financial result. Nowadays what are the expectations for the industry?
M.B. I The renewable energy industry has gone through a boom followed by a crisis, and the trend for 2008 is the same - euphoria at first semester, complaints in the second. As long as we do not have a unified strategy we will live through ups and downs. Currently, we are reaching a promising phase, but still very far from ideal.
Altenergy: How is the industry being prepared to face the American farmers, NGOs and the oil lobby? May we say the sugar cane industry is articulated?
M.B. I No. As I said, the industry is not yet fully articulated, but we are moving quickly on this issue, with UNICA beginning to fulfill its true role. It has opened offices in the USA and Europe and estimates to open a new office in Asia. And hopefully one in Brasília.
Just one entity engaged with competent professionals is not enough to reach this point. We need a pool of producers allowing and stimulating the articulation as our challenge is to elucidate the Brazilian and international public opinion, everything in due time.
I believe that the lobbies, from any source, are natural and should not be cause of concern. With time and responsible articulation, we will introduce our ethanol in gas stations around the world, everything will happen in due time.
Altenergy: Higher prices of oil and gas are making coal more competitive as fuel for the power generation. How is the sector dealing with this?
M.B. I In a natural way, our industry respects other fuel sources. Technological advances have been already developed to the point of making the coal less polluting. The world is in high need of several energy sources, we could waste none, and if an energy source causes negative effects, then technology must minimize its impact, whatever it is. Just like the coal industry is doing.
Altenergy: Once you said that the best place in the world to invest in ethanol was the United States, due to the subsidies, the easy credit and the commitment to production. Do you still think so? What do we need to change in Brazil in order to attract more investments?
M.B. I I still think so because, despite the American current production, ethanol producers have guaranteed profits. Brazil needs to use the American model. There, before installing the plant, the producer has already anticipated the sale of his product. Well ahead in time he knows the price of his product, when the plant begins to operate. Here, 5 years is the average term, without mentioning the Brazilian producer starts his plant with no guarantee of his production destination.
Altenergy: The American government is investing high on the hydrolysis to use the corncob, straw and grasses cellulose to produce ethanol. What about the high standard researches in Brazil, do they have competitive conditions?
M.B. I The United States has planned to produce 15 billion gallons of ethanol from corn, above that the production it will be made through the hydrolysis of biomass, and therefore it is essential they have this technology completely dominated. In our case, this technology will represent an extraordinary prospect of profit as we will use part of the bagasse in ethanol, and the other part will be strategically used for power generation.
In terms of research, although modest, we invest about 1/20 of the amounts the United States are investing, and we are developing processes which will take us closer to master this technology. As an example I mention the CTC, which has just signed a contract for technology transfer and Dedini, which also has invested and already has a pilot plant operating for more than 10 years now, coincidentally with the daily production of 10 thousand liters.
Suppose you are Petrobras CEO, which steps would you take to consolidate the company’s position in the biofuels industry?
M.B. I As Petrobras CEO, I would participate by investing heavily in logistics and leave the production to producers. As a producer, I think they should come into the production (laughs). Indeed, there must be a partnership, in which Petrobras contributes with the construction of pipelines and producers supply the ethanol. Petrobras has no profile for the production of ethanol as this is not its core-business. It is one of the largest oil companies in the world and, with the discovery of Tupy oil field, they should consolidate that position accordingly.
Now, as you have “promoted” me to Petrobras’ President, what I would certainly do if I had that position, I would launch a “green” gasoline. It is the only oil company in the world capable of providing a mix of gasoline with ethanol in the mixture desired by the customer, in the proportion desired. It would be a unique product and very well accepted internationally, in addition to strengthening the position of Brazil as a leader in this segment.
Altenergy: How do you see the Brazilian energy matrix in the next 10 years? Do you think the recent discovery of oil in the Santos Basin affects the strategic vision of the government with regard to biofuels?
M.B I This discovery is very important, but should not affect the biofuels program. In 10 years, we will depend only on our progress in this area, and if we cannot develop it convincingly, we will have only one oil-byproduct to replace or added which is gasoline, although the ethanol can also be mixed to the diesel.
I see Brazil, in 10 years, as a large producer of ethanol and biodiesel, but for now, the Biodiesel program is still linked with government actions, more specifically to Petrobras. To provide a well-structured and balanced energy matrix, biodiesel has to acquire strategic status. In theory, it is correct and Petrobras should be the most concerned party, it is already the biggest player in the game of biodiesel and we need to know which one will prevail - the country’s best interest, and then I can fell relieved, or the oil company’s best interest....
The question stands...
Altenergy: How is the sugar cane industry dealing with the socio-environmental issues? Is there any truth in the image, often circulated abroad, that Brazil is unbeatable in this sector due to unfair way it deals with such issues?
M.B. I This feeling is absolutely false and is part of a plan of demoralizing the Brazilian biofuels. The industry is addressing the socio-environmental issues with great responsibility and the numbers show that we have advanced greatly and we will improve more. In about 4 or 5 years we will have eliminated the sugar cane burning in the state of São Paulo and reduced significantly in the other states, and such fact is an excellent example of our concerns towards the environment. The social issue comes together with environmental and by eliminating burning we will reduce greatly the manual harvest, thus minimizing the problem.
It is important that the renewable energy industry stands up before Brazil and the world, clarifying these issues once and for all. We must stop accepting these false versions with resignation and participate actively in the discussion, opening the doors of our plants, with figures and facts, demonstrating the reality of our industry. Today, in Brazil, we know that is not enough to be leader, we have to consolidate this leadership with truth, ethics and respect for human beings and the planet where we live in.
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