“A plastic fuel tank to hold ethanol? Let it be made of ethanol! Could there be any other option as environmentally correct as this?”, celebrates Luiz Nitschke.
Sugar plastic, a sweet solution
Another by-product from sugar cane that has a huge potential growth is the biodegradable plastic, the ‘sweet plastic’.
Currently, the biodegradable plastic market corresponds to only 1% of the chemically originated polymer market. Its costs are higher and it does not yet have the same flexibility, limiting the use. However, the world’s increasing demand for renewable and clean solutions promises to change this scenario.
This is the explanation by Silvio Ortega, Executive Director of Biocycle, company which owns the production patent for this kind of polymer, called PHB (polihidroxibutirate). “Companies having responsible views recognize that having a product made from biodegradable plastic is currently a great differential. Besides, the plastic is also compostable, so it can be converted into manure after use, returning energy to the life cycle”.
Contribution to the environment continues beyond this. In order to degrade, PHB takes from one to ten years, while the conventional petrochemical plastic may take hundreds of years.
According to Ortega, another great collaboration is the use of components in the chain – it does not pollute, uses the effluents to fertilize and irrigate plantations and the machinery may easily be installed close to the mill, thus reducing the production costs - (view infographic).
Competition
“For instance, a PHB kilo costs around US$ 5 in Brazil. Its UK similar costs US$ 14. Today, Biocycle produces experimentally 50 tons of the product, and exports to Europe, the US and Japan”, summarizes and points out the future promising trends towards the ‘sweet plastic’.
According to Ortega, in 2010, the company intends to produce 10.000 tons of PHB to meet the demand for the plastic (product applications).
The major applications for biodegradable plastic are huge and encompass the technology industry of injected products (toys, razors, pens), extruded products (packing industry, disposable glasses, car lining) and expanded polystyrene foam (EPS).
Yeast, the discreet protagonists
Relegated in recent debates but nonetheless important on the sugar-ethanol sector, yeasts are crucial to guarantee a good productivity in the Ethanol production and preserve the environment.
Microorganisms originated from the ethanolic fermentation, their job is to attack the must (the juice containing sugar cane plus molasses) and convert such juice into ethanol (check infographic). Analogically, if the Ethanol production were a theater play, yeasts would be the leading actor.
Up to mid 80’s, however, mills used bakery yeast, leading to average productivity. This fact demonstrated the need to select yeasts which could resist to the industrial procedures, increasing the Ethanol production.
Fermentec is one of the companies involved in this selection process. According to Mario Lúcio Lopes, scientific researcher of the company, the yeasts selected by the researchers (PE-2 and CAT-1) are now used in around 60% of the Brazilian mills. “These yeasts raised the final outcome by 3% and the fermentation time is around 8 to 10 hours. To give you an idea, the Ethanol produced in the USA, using the corn must, takes around 72 hours – or seven times more”, explains Lopes.
The selected yeasts also have durability advantages. They may be recycled and used again for other fermentation process, which reduces costs significantly. “A mill producing 500.000 liters of Ethanol a day uses around 300 tons of yeast. However, the mill buys around 50 to 300 kilos and reproduces the yeast until such time when this biomass is sufficient to produce the desired Ethanol”, explains researcher Luis Carlos Basso, responsible for the Esalq’s lab and Fermentec’s partner.
Mario Lúcio Lopes quotes yet another important use for the yeasts: “After used, they can be dried and turned into high protein animal feed, promoting savings to producers”, concludes the scientist.
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